Laguna Sontecomapan
Laguna Sontecomapan is an estuary lagoon situated 12 miles northeast of Catemaco, Veracruz, on the Gulf of
Mexico. The laguna is fed by mountain streams descending from Volcano San Martin Tuxtla and the Sierra
Santa Marta. A low chain of volcanic hills separates the valley of Laguna Catemaco from Laguna
Sontecomapan.
Laguna Sontecomapan and its surrounding wetlands, sand dunes and forests contain one of the last well
preserved growths of mangroves in the coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico. Its wetlands are an important
refuge for migratory birds on the north to south American migration routes.
The Laguna is small, about 3 square miles and mostly less than 7 feet deep, about 15 miles long but less than
2 miles wide.


The laguna waters are brackish, aided by a deep canal at La
Barra permitting the tidal exchange of salt water.
The laguna is an important feeding and spawning ground for
many freshwater and estuarine fish as well as for
crustaceans. The beaches and sand dunes are nesting sites
for many endangered marine turtles such as Leatherbacks and
Kemp´s Ridleys.
The laguna flora harbors a large diversity of species including
several unique in the world. It supports 3 of the 4 species of
mangroves in Mexico, many species of orchids, and bushes
and trees never seen north of the Texan border.
Nationally protected or threatened fauna includes the Mexican
protected Black Hawks, Uniform Crakes, Bare-throated
Herons and Muscovy Ducks, Howler Monkeys and
Neotropical Otters. Also Moreletti's crocodiles, green iguanas,
snapping, mud and slider turtles, Blue and other crabs, several
endemic fishes and snails galore.
As of 1998 the area has been included in the buffer zone of
the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve.
Climate in the area is hot and humid averaging above 77
degrees F, and averaging rainfall between 6 and 8 feet mostly
within the June to January period.
Tourism in the area is accommodated by a small very basic
hotel in Sontecomapan city, and several "ecological tourism"
enterprises in Jicacal, El Real, and La Barra.
Activities include beach combing, boat tours, hiking, kayaking,
birdwatching and seafood sampling.